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Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography (HIC) is a powerful technique utilized in the purification and separation of...
Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography (HIC) is a powerful technique utilized in the purification and separation of...
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) is a powerful and versatile analytical technique used extensively in the...
What are Nanobodies? Nanobodies are type of antibodies derived from camels, smaller than the conventional...
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering...
Within the intricate dance of cellular processes, oxygen plays a vital role. However, a byproduct...
Accurately determining cell number is a fundamental technique in various life science disciplines. Whether you’re...
What is Biomass? Definition: Biomass refers to the total mass of all living organisms in...
Mushrooms, the fleshy fruiting bodies of fungi, have captivated humans for centuries. Today, cultivating mushrooms...
Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer is a widely used method for introducing foreign genes into plants. This...
The chromosome theory of linkage is a fundamental concept in genetics that explains how genes...
Biotechnology research relies heavily on various molecular techniques to understand, manipulate, and utilize biological systems...
The world of genetics is often introduced with the concept of genes having two alleles...
The Perceptron algorithm is one of the simplest forms of a neural network used for...
Colony-forming unit : Microbiological unit estimating viable microbial cells in a sample colony-forming unit (CFU or cfu) is...
Plasma Proteins: Introduction Plasma proteins are a diverse group of molecules found in blood plasma...
Overview of Nucleic Acid Isolation Nucleic acid isolation is a fundamental process in molecular biology...
Molecular Cloning: Basics & Advanced Strategies in the field of Molecular Biology Molecular cloning is...
Curse of Dimensionality As data scientists delve into the world of high-dimensional datasets, they often...
Linear regression is a powerful statistical tool used to model the relationship between a dependent...
Brief Overview of Electrophoresis Electrophoresis is a separation technique based on the movement of charged...
History and Advancements: The Polymerase Chain Reaction, pioneered by Kary B. Mullis in the 1980s...
In the realm of machine learning, evaluating the performance of binary classification models is a...
K-means ClusteringK-means clustering is a popular unsupervised machine learning algorithm that partitions a set of...
In machine learning, the F1 score, also known as the balanced F-score or F-measure, is...
KNN (k-nearest neighbors) and k-means are both machine learning algorithms that are commonly used for...
What are moments in statistics? In statistics, moments are quantitative measures that describe the shape...
The immune system is a sophisticated network that defends the body against pathogens like bacteria...
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Biosensor is an analytical device containing an immobilized biological material, which can specifically interact with...
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Endocytosis: It is a process by which cells cab take in material from the extracellular...
ByBio-Resource
October 20, 2019
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Operons are groups of genes clustered in the bacterial DNA regulating the expression of functionally...
Taq DNA polymerase is one the important component in the PCR Mastermix. Role of Taq...
Generating qPCR Standard Curve in Excel & Calculating PCR Efficiency: Plotting standard curve in excel...
What is Gel Extraction? Gel Extraction or Gel Isolation is a technique used to excise...
What is Dot Blot? Dot Blot is a cheaper, easier and faster technique to detect...
Plastids – Introduction: Plastids are membrane bound organelle found in all plant cells and some...
PCR – Polymerase Chain Reaction is very sensitive technique for the amplification of Nucleic Acids...
Molecular biology work require DNA / RNA in the first place. Source of Nucleic Acid...
There are various small vesicles that transport proteins from one organelle to another. These vesicles...
Base Excision Repair Mechanism, is a DNA repair mechanism, where in the altered bases of...
P53 is a tumor suppressor gene, present in eukaryotic cell. Protein encoded by p53 regulates...
DNA Melt Curve Prediction Using uMelt Got something to say about this post? Leave a...
Once a primer is designed for PCR or qPCR, it is important to analyze its...
Transfection is the process of introduction of foreign DNA into the nucleus of eukaryotic cell...
Glucose testing is an important part of a diabetic’s daily health care. Without testing, a...
what is pH? pH is the negative logarithm of Hydrogen ion concentration. pH = –...
Enzyme Assay The role of enzyme assay is to To Identify an Enzyme – Presence...
DNA microarray is a hybridization technique performed in microscopic glass slide with surface modification, anchoring...
In molecular biology, TBE and TAE buffers are used for agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis...
Twist Number: Twist number is equal to the number of times one strand of covalently...
Reverse Transcription is a process in which RNA is converted to cDNA (complementary DNA). The...
Gene regulation is a tightly controlled and regulated process. Gene regulation is complex process and...
Serial Dilution is a series of sequential dilution of a substance in solution. How to...
Yeast Two Hybrid system uses a reporter gene to detect the interaction of pair of...
DNA sequencing is the process of finding out the exact order of nucleotide present in...
Cell Cycle Cell Cycle is the process by which a cell and its contents divide...
Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a hydrocarbon chain. They have a chain of even...
Ethidium Bromide (EtBr) is an intercalating agent widely used in molecular biology labs as a...
Hydrophobic Interaction chromatography, is a powerful technique for the separation and purification of biomolecules. Hydrophobic...
Protein Protein Docking Using ClusPro Got something to say about this post? Leave a comment…your...
Acid-fast mycobacteria resist decolorization by acid-alcohol after primary staining owing to the high lipid (mycolic...
There are 3 types of Electrochemical Detection Methods Amperometric Method Potentiometric Method Conductimetric Method Amperometric...
Western blotting or Immunoblotting, is a well established and widely used technique for the detection...
Ethanol Precipitation is a method for purifying or concentrating DNA/RNA from aqueous solutions using Ethanol...
Aptamers are oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA) having high affinity and specificity in identifying the target...
Cellulose is most abundant in nature and it is a major structural polysaccharide in plants...
Avidin – Biotin systems are widely used in biochemical analysis and has got various applications...
Fluorescent Primer Probe based chemistries are the core of real time pcr (qPCR). The most...
The Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate -Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is a technique for the characterization of...
Bio-Energy Bioenergy is the Renewable Energy that is produced from the materials that are derived...
The Enzyme Linked Immunospot (ELISPOT) technique was developed by Cecil Czerkinskdy in 1983. ELISPOT is...
Oligonucleotide Synthesis – Phosphoramidite Synthetic Method McBride and Caruthers in 1983, developed this method of...
Molecular beacons are short oligonucleotide hybridization probes which can report the presence of specific nucleic...
Immunoprecipitation Immunoprecipitation is a precipitaion technique which allows the isolation of protein or protein complex...
BioEdit is a biological sequence alignment editor written for Windows 95/98/NT/2000/XP/7. An intuitive multiple document...
These molecules made the companies billion dollar worth… Rank: 1 Trade Name: Lipitor INN: Atrovastatin...
Novasep’s New plant on its Mourenx, France site to produce a large volume commercial API...
Reports claims, within three decades global energy demand will increase by 56%. Due to over-consumption...
A single-use bioreactor (S.U.B) or disposable bioreactor is a bioreactor with a disposable bag instead...
Helicase Dependent Amplification (HDA) is an invitro nucleic acid amplificatio method similar to Polymerase Chain...
Tangential Flow Filtration is used for clarifying, concentrating and purifying proteins. Filtration is a...
Ion Exchange Chromatography is based on the electrostatic interaction of charged surfaces. Ion Exchange Chromatography...
To get the same results as in lab scale these following parameters need to be...
Things to look for in a Hydrophobic Interaction chroamtography are Purity Speed Resolution Sample viscosity...
I am sharing some the questions on protein purification on request by some of the...
Fundamentals of Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Guide on HPLC Basics Download Fundamentals of Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)...
Know properties of your Protein Developing a Strategy for Purification Choosing Suitable method for highest...
DEAE – Diethyl Amino Ethyl Cellulose columns are used for Protein purification. DEAE cellulose is...
Protein Characterization: Protein characterization is primarily focused on the analysis of recombinant proteins for identifying...
Melting Curve analysis in qPCR is a method of analyzing the dissociation of double stranded...
MIQE guidelines are a set of guidelines for the analysis and representation of qPCR or...
MIQE refers to Minimum Informaion for Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments. The Image below depicts the...
12 Things to rememeber while Setting up a PCR Reaction This is a guest post...
This is a guest post from one of the blog readers. In a PCR reaction...
Column Packing is one of the most important step in the chromatographic purification process. A...
Before going into the details of the Assays let’s have some basics on real time...
Recombinant DNA Technology: The advent of Recombinant DNA technology has revolutionized the biotech and healthcare...
Global Warming: An international issue Global warming has great impact on our economy, health and...
TAE Buffer- Tris Acetic EDTA Buffer TAE Buffer consists of Tris Base, Acetic acid and...
The azocasein protease assay is done for the activity of protease in the culture broth...
New Product Development New Product Development or NPD is the term used to describe the...
Explore your Protein Purification Strategies using this Free Online Application developed by Andrew Booth, Faculty...
Line probe assays (LPAs) for tuberculosis were endorsed by the WHO in 2008 for molecular detection...
Labelling of DNA & RNA can be done using: Radioactive isotopes Non-Radioactive isotopes commonly used...
Restriction Digestion This is an explanation for performing Restriction Digestion using restriction digestion enzymes, some...
PCR – Polymerase chain Reaction Polymerase chain reaction or PCR is a powerful tool for...
Bacterial growth rate can be plotted as follows: Hours after Inoculation OD 550 Log OD...
This post describes how to find the ampicon / PCR Product size from primer sequence...
cDNA is also known as the complementary DNA, produced after the reverse transcription of RNA...
Pollution is any, physical, chemical or biological changes that adversely affect the health, survival or...
Methanol is synthetically produced from carbon dioxide and hydrogen. CH4 + CO2 + H2O —...
An autoclave is a pressurized device designed to heat aqueous solutions above their boiling point to...
E. coli is Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic and non-sporulating bacteria. It can live on a wide...
Alcohol, chemically ethanol (C2H5OH) has been produced by fermentation for thousands of years. Microbes used:...
Liquid handling systems are instruments which helps in dispensing liquids to the specified locations. Automated...
qPCR or Real time PCR has got several applications in diagnostics, forensic science and in...
Albany Molecular Research Centre Pvt Ltd. Hyderabad Anshul Biotechnologies Aurobindo Pharma Ltd Biomax Life Sciences...
Real time PCR efficiency is one of the critical factor in real time PCR assay...
Antibody Prurification Methods Antibody purification is a multistep process by which contaminants of source is...
What is gene therapy? Gene therapy is an experimental technique that uses genes to treat...
Biotechnological processes are advancing day by day and in production scale the volume is going...
Minipreparations of plasmid DNA can be used as a templates in dideoxy sequencing reactions whose...
Reverse Phase chromatography separates proteins and peptides based on the difference in hydrophobicity, Reversible interaction...
A good note on "Buffers for Biochemical Reactions" from promega. click here to download. Got...
Growth and culturing yeast Humans have cultured the yeast S. cerevisiae for thousands of years...
After isolation of DNA, quantification and analysis of quality are necessary to ascertain the approximate...
Cloning PCR product or amplicon generated from non-proofreading (no 3′-5′ Exonuclease activity) Taq DNA polymerase...
Sample Preparation for chromatography Most commonly used technique to clarify the lysate is to centrifuge...
FTA Cards are small cards developed to cpature and store DNA from samples.FTA cards are...
Test for Transformation Efficiency Use a stock of pUC19 solution (0.01 mg/ml) to determine transformation...
Bacterial growth is the process of division of one cell to give rise to two...
Most of the scientists and chemists consider analytical method as tool for their research or...
HLA – Human Leucocyte Antigen system HLA forms part of the Major Histocompatibiblity Complex (MHC)...
A good note on Creating Standard Curves with Genomic DNA or Plasmid DNA Templates for...
Primer and probe designing softwares are available online which can aid in easy designing of...
Detection of low levels of pathogen Low level detection of pathogens can be done using...
A typical real time PCR graph – qPCR graph showing Ct (cycle threshold) or Cq...
Molecular Weights (MW) Average MW RNA nucleotide = 340 DaltonsMW ss RNA = (# nucleotides)...
Oligonucleotides are short stretch of single stranded DNA or RNA molecules used in genetic testing...
A metric prefix is a shorthand notation used to denote very large or vary small...
Principle: Under a constant temperature and atmospheric pressure, the density of distilled water is constant...
Biomass is an important parameter which needs constant monitoring to understand the growth process in...
Generating Standard Curve to analyse the reaction optimization – Real Time qPCR A standard curve...
Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are diagnostic assays designed for use at the point-of-care (POC), and...
Composting is the biological degradation of solid organic waste into stable end products. The term compost...
1. Production of Anti Bacterial Proteins of Non-Plant Origin Lytic Peptides from Insects Lysozymes Other...
Animal Cell Culture A wider range of ingredients needed to support survival and proliferation or...
Biogas When methane is produced by the fermentation of animal dung the gaseous products are...
STRAIN IMPROVEMENT Several options are open to an industrial microbiology organization seeking to maximize its...
Characteristics of an Ideal Fermentation media Chemical composition: the production medium must have a suitable...
Different Types of Fermentors / Bioreactors The heart of the fermentation or bioprocess technology is...
Purified pectinase is a multicomponent preparation highly effective in de-polymerising plant pectins with varying degree of esterification...
Citric acid is an important organic acid and it was initially being extracted from citrus...
Yoghurt / Yogurt is a fermented milk with clustered like consistancy, Flavoured or Non-Flavoured product...
The making of wine involves the fermentation of soluble sugar of juices of grapes into carbon dioxide...
Bacterial Endotoxin Test (LAL Test) The Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test is an alternative method...
Immobilized Metal ion Affinity Chromatography (IMAC)- Principle & Applications Affinity Chromatography Principle Affinity chromatography is...
List of Biotechnology / Biopharma Companies in Bangalore Aurigene Discovery Technologies Limited 29, Villa del...
Flow Cytometry is a technique for identifying and sorting cells and their components (eg: DNA)...
SDS PAGE SDS stands for Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate and PAGE stands for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis...
Before going for the advanced prostate cancer treatment options, one need to be properly diagnosed...
What are stem cells and what are the types?? Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which...
Single-cell protein (SCP) are dried microbial cells or total protein extracted from pure or mixed cultures...
Ames Test is the test for detecting chemical compounds which are suspected to be mutagens...
Cell Disruption / Cell Lysis: Cell Disruption is the method or process for disrupting or...
Taq DNA Polymerase is a thermostable enzyme(Molecular Weight 94 KDa) which is widely used in...
Download Molecular Workbench (MW) Today I would like to share a link for a software...
BIOSAFETY CABINETS / BIOSAFETY HOOD Biosafety cabinet (BSC) also known as Biological Safety cabinets or...
Nucleic Acid Quantification Nucleic acids are quantified to check the concentration and purity of DNA/RNA...
Sample preparation for the chromatographic separation is an important step in the chromatographic purification process...
Shake flask expression studies are the initial phase for screening of recombinant clones. Shake flask...
Horse Radish Peroxidase(HRP) is heme-containing protein isolated from wild horse radish roots.HRP catalyzes the transfer...
Normal Phase In a very non-polar environment, hydrophilic molecules will tend to associate with each...
Plasmids are double stranded, circular, extra chromosomal, self replicating DNA molecules which carry additional genes...
Insulin: Insulin is a 51 amino acid (aa) polypeptide hormone essential for normal glucose homeostasis...
Protein desalting is done to remove salts from a protein solution, the salts may come...
Immunological techniques make use of the interaction of antigen and antibodies. Antigen is any foreign...
Phospholipids are group of lipid molecules containing phosphorus. The bases contain are choline, ethanolamine, inositol...
This is a technique more or less similar to paper chromatography. In thin layer chromatography...
Principle of Isoelectric Focusing (IEF) Principle of Isoelectric Focusing (IEF) Isoelectric Focusing or IEF is...
Factors affecting efficiency of Column Chromatography Factors affecting efficiency of Column Chromatography Efficiency of column...
Column chromatography is technique used to separate compounds of interest from the others using a...
In gel filtration, distribution of particular compound between the inner and outer mobile phase is...
Chromatography calculations These are the equations which is used to calculate various things during chromatography...
ELISA Protocol – Types of ELISA The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) / (EIA) involves coating...
Anti Sense RNA During mRNA synthesis DNA strand is transcribed to give messenge RNA (mRNA)...
Solid-state fermentation (SSF) or Solid Substrate Fermentation has been defined as the fermentation process occurring...
Lyophilization / Freeze Drying is the process of drying a frozen product by creating conditions...
Protein Stability Proteins are often fragile molecules that need to be protected during purification and...
Cellulose is a polysaccharide which is made up of 100 to 1000 glucose unit linked...
Western blotting / Immunoblotting is an analytical technique used to detect a target protein in...
The Bradford protein assay is a colorimetric assay for the determination of protein concentration, It...
HIV Replication Fusion of the HIV cell to the host cell surface. HIV RNA, reverse...
A Freeze – Dryer (Lyophilizer) Accelerated Storage: Exposure of freeze dried products to elevated temperatures...
pH Meter Image source : Google Images A Technical handbook on pH its Fundamentals, Working...
colony-forming unit (CFU or cfu) is a measure of viable bacterial or fungal cells. In...
Cryopreservation is the process of preserving cells, tissues or other substances by freezing them to...
Ubiquitin is a small regulatory protein found in the tissues of eukaryotic organisms. Ubiquitin contists...
A international team led by scientists from the Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation...
Multi-Drug Resistance and Detection (MDR TB & XDR TB) Antibiotic resistance is a type of...
Using an innovative gene therapy technique called genome editing that hones in on the precise...
Procaryotic systems are well studied and widely used for protein expression, especially E.coli, The major...
Gel Filtration Chromatography (GF) / Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) Gel Filtration Chromatography (GF) / Size...
Ion Exchange Chromatography is of two types Cation Exchange chromatography and Anion Exchange Chromatography Cation...
Salting Out: There are hydrophobic amino acids and hydrophilic amino acids in protein molecules. After...
Pharmaceutical companies developed a few varieties of artificial blood in the 1980s and 1990s, but...
One of the major problems in the preparation of fruit juices and wine is cloudiness...
Gateway® Cloning is a universal cloning technique developed by Invitrogen life technologies. Gateway® Cloning Technique...
Objectives To investigate the conversion of glucose to ethanol by entrapped yeast cells in a...
This unit describes culture of the yeast strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris for the...
Molecular biology / Genetic Engineering works require a foreign gene or protein material to be...
Industrial processes require large vessels for fermentation which can hold huge amounts of nutritive media...
A serial dilution of linearized plasmid DNA is used to generate a standard curve for...
1. Pipette 200ul competent cells into each of 3 ice cold Eppendorf tubes. Label the...
Dilutions can be divided into five categories: 1. To dilute a solution to an unspecified...
Principle of Protein Assays – Fc -Lowry -Bradford assays Principle of Protein Assay Numerous spectrophotometric...
Inoculate 2ml of LB with a single DH5 colony. Incubate culture overnight at 37oC while...
In a paper published in the April 25 early online edition of the Proceedings of...
SDS-PAGE – Protocol SDS-PAGE SDS PAGE – Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, is an...
Carbohydrates are the important components of storage and structural materials in the plants.They exist as...
Glucose is a widely distributed simple sugar with an active aldehyde group. Estimation of glucose...
Estimation of Reducing sugar by DNS Method For sugar estimation an alternative to Nelson-Somogyi method...
Sugars with reducing property (arising out of the presence of a potential aldehyde or keto...
Microbial growth is a fundamental aspect of microbiology, biotechnology, and various industrial processes. Understanding the...
Researchers from the Tufts University School of Engineering and collaborators from MIT have now engineered...
AIDS: Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome • AIDS is the Deadliest Pandemic in humans and it...
Plant Growth Regulators: Plant hormones (also known as plant growth regulators (PGRs) and phytohormones) are...
Secondary Metabolite Production in Plants-Applications Secondary Metabolite Production Secondary metabolites are chemical compounds and the...
Polymerase Chain Reaction is used for the amplification of DNA of an organism.Amplification means copying...
Nanotechnology Introduction The term “nanotechnology” has evolved over the years via terminology drift to mean...
Plant hormones and growth regulators are chemicals that affect flowering; aging; root growth; distortion and...
Plant tissue culture is the aseptic (free from microorganism) culture of any plant part in...
Vectors are the DNA molecules onto to which f.DNA can be cloned. There are two...
Animal cell culture (ACC) is the process of culture of animal cells outside the tissue...
AIM· To carryout FSIP of 40 L Fermenter· To perform fermentation of yeast culture in...
AIM:* To autoclave the 5L – Fermenter.* To inoculate the required volume of the shaker...
Media:1. Media suitable for the growth of Pichia pastoris was prepared. For this culture Tryptone...